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<text id=91TT0174>
<title>
Jan. 28, 1991: Hastening The End Of The Empire
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Jan. 28, 1991 War In The Gulf
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 84
SOVIET UNION
Hastening the End of the Empire
</hdr><body>
<p>Despite the crackdown in Lithuania, Georgia is intent on
independence, even if it is the next on Moscow's hit list
</p>
<p> Shaking their fists defiantly, protesters last week massed
at the government house in Tbilisi, capital of the Georgian
republic, chanting, "Lithuania! Lithuania! Lithuania!" For this
fiercely independent nation of 5.4 million in the Caucasus, the
troubles in the Baltics far to the north seemed alarmingly
near. Georgians had already felt the Kremlin's determination
to keep the union intact, when Soviet paratroopers armed with
sharpened spades brutally dispersed a nationalist demonstration
in April 1989, killing 20 people. Just as the Baltic states
showed support in that hour of crisis, Georgians embraced the
tragedy in Vilnius last week as if it were their own.
</p>
<p> "It is impossible to preserve an empire by democratic
means!" cried a speaker at the rally. Zviad Gamsakhurdia,
chairman of the parliament in Tbilisi and leader of the
republic's drive for independence, urged Georgians--and all
ethnic peoples in the Caucasian melting pot--to set aside
their differences and join in opposition to the Kremlin. But
he warned against giving way to provocations or taking up arms
alone.
</p>
<p> Georgians have every reason to be worried that they may be
high on Moscow's target list. The republic has been on a
collision course with the Kremlin ever since Gamsakhurdia's
nationalist coalition won an election victory last October. The
first acts of the new parliament were to drop the words Soviet
and Socialist from the republic's name and inaugurate a
transitional period to full independence. Georgia has announced
that it will not sign the new Union Treaty proposed by
Gorbachev and has sent only 10% of its quota of conscripts to
the armed forces. Says deputy parliamentary chairman Akaki
Asatiani: "We make no secret of the fact that we are
anticommunists committed to Georgian independence."
</p>
<p> Fears are widespread that Moscow is creating a pretext for
a military crackdown by inflaming unrest in the South Ossetian
Autonomous Region, an ethnic enclave created for the Ossetians
as a reward for their political loyalty after the Bolsheviks
took control of the republic in 1921. Last September, as the
rest of Georgia was moving toward independence, the South
Ossetian regional council declared the area to be a "Soviet
Democratic Republic" loyal to Moscow. The parliament in Tbilisi
responded by dissolving the autonomous region altogether.
Conflicts between the Georgian police and local separatists have
resulted in at least 12 deaths.
</p>
<p> Two weeks ago, Gorbachev struck down both legislative acts
and gave the Georgians three days to withdraw their "armed
formations" from South Ossetia. Gamsakhurdia rejected the
ultimatum. "We understand," he told Moscow, "that you have the
power at your disposal to try to suppress the national
independence movement in Georgia. But what would be the price
of that victory? And would it be a victory?" A visiting Soviet
parliamentary commission hinted last week that Moscow might be
willing to allow Georgian police to remain in the region but
wanted guarantees of its "cultural autonomy."
</p>
<p> Georgians remain suspicious of the Kremlin's intentions.
They are worried that the gulf war gives the central government
an excuse, under the guise of a military "alert," to reinforce
troops in the republic, which shares a border with Turkey. If
tanks should roll, they have vowed to take to the streets to
defend their right to autonomy--whatever the risks.
</p>
<p>By John Kohan/Tbilisi.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>